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51.
Irina L. Mokrova Marion O’Brien Susan D. Calkins Esther M. Leerkes Stuart Marcovitch 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(4):1495-1503
The current study examined the role of preschoolers’ motivation, operationalized as persistence, in the formation of language and math skills at kindergarten. The participants were 263 children from diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. Demographic information, child persistence, and early cognitive-linguistic skills were assessed at age 3; children’s academic skills were assessed at kindergarten. Results indicated that preschooler’s persistence was related to their academic skills two years later over and above demographic factors and early cognitive-linguistic skills. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of early childhood motivation for later school achievement. 相似文献
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Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency learning task. Lotz
and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced
outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, which used more neutral instructions than the previously
mentioned studies, we found that extinction of inhibition occurred, whether or not participants experienced lower outcome
levels. In Experiment 2, we applied this outcome manipulation to blocking of a conditioned inhibitor. We found blocking of
inhibition both when participants had experience with lower outcomes and when they did not. The results of our two experiments
are consistent with Rescorla and Wagner’s (1972) associative model, and inconsistent with an inferential account of causal
learning (De Houwer, Beckers, & Vandorpe, 2005). 相似文献
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Polina Harik Brian E. Clauser Irina Grabovsky Ronald J. Nungester Dave Swanson Ratna Nandakumar 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2009,46(1):43-58
The present study examined the long-term usefulness of estimated parameters used to adjust the scores from a performance assessment to account for differences in rater stringency. Ratings from four components of the USMLE® Step 2 Clinical Skills Examination data were analyzed. A generalizability-theory framework was used to examine the extent to which rater-related sources of error could be eliminated through statistical adjustment. Particular attention was given to the stability of these estimated parameters over time. The results suggest that rater stringency estimates obtained at a point in time and then used to adjust ratings over a period of months may substantially decrease in usefulness. In some cases, over several months, the use of these adjustments may become counterproductive. Additionally, it is hypothesized that the rate of deterioration in the usefulness of estimated parameters may be a function of the characteristics of the scale. 相似文献
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A Comparison of Experimental and Observational Approaches to Assessing the Effects of Time Constraints in a Medical Licensing Examination 
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下载免费PDF全文 Polina Harik Brian E. Clauser Irina Grabovsky Peter Baldwin Melissa J. Margolis Deniz Bucak Michael Jodoin William Walsh Steven Haist 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2018,55(2):308-327
Test administrators are appropriately concerned about the potential for time constraints to impact the validity of score interpretations; psychometric efforts to evaluate the impact of speededness date back more than half a century. The widespread move to computerized test delivery has led to the development of new approaches to evaluating how examinees use testing time and to new metrics designed to provide evidence about the extent to which time limits impact performance. Much of the existing research is based on these types of observational metrics; relatively few studies use randomized experiments to evaluate the impact time limits on scores. Of those studies that do report on randomized experiments, none directly compare the experimental results to evidence from observational metrics to evaluate the extent to which these metrics are able to sensitively identify conditions in which time constraints actually impact scores. The present study provides such evidence based on data from a medical licensing examination. The results indicate that these observational metrics are useful but provide an imprecise evaluation of the impact of time constraints on test performance. 相似文献
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The crisis in Ukraine has accentuated the position of Russian television as the government’s strongest asset in its information warfare. The internet, however, allows other players to challenge the Kremlin’s narrative by providing counter-narratives and debunking distorted information and fake images. Accounting for the new media ecology—through which strategic narratives are created and interpreted, this article scrutinizes the narratives of allegedly fake news on Channel One, perceiving the fabricated stories as extreme projections of Russia’s strategic narratives, and the attempts of the Ukrainian fact-checking website Stopfake.org to counter the Russian narrative by refuting misinformation and exposing misleading images about Ukraine. Secondly, it analyses how Twitter users judged the veracity of these news stories and contributed to the perpetuation of strategic narratives. 相似文献
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Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea：from aggregate species to species clusters？ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Trichoderma/Hypocrea is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immuno-compromised humans. Species identification, while essential in view of the 相似文献
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Research on the international student experience in Australia has highlighted the challenges that international students face when obtaining tertiary qualifications in an Australian university [AEI. (2012). Student voices: Enhancing the experience of international students in Australia. Canberra, Australia: Australian Education International]. Specifically, international students are reported to have difficulties achieving their stated goals of making connections, forming friendships and improving their oral English language skills during their sojourn [AEI. (2013). International student survey 2012 overview report. Canberra, Australia: Australian Education International; Yates, L., & Wahid, R. (2013). Challenges to Brand Australia: International students and the problem with speaking. Higher Education Research & Development, 32(6), 1037–1050]. This paper investigates the interactions of five male Saudi Arabian international students in the local English-speaking community and considers how they participate in it. Diary records and interview conversations are used to examine the nature and extent of participation, drawing on the linguistic concept of register or analysis of situation. The findings indicate that quality interactions for the purpose of language learning are derived from casual conversations and those without pre-defined social roles which afford opportunities for identity negotiation and interactional benefits. 相似文献
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This article focuses upon programs for undergraduate women in science and engineering, which are a strategic research site
in the study of gender, science, and higher education. The design involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches, linking
theory, method, questions, and analyses in ways not undertaken previously. Using a comprehensive, quantitative, cross-institutional,
and longitudinal method, two extreme groups of programs are distinguished: those associated with the “most successful” and
“least successful” outcomes in undergraduate degrees awarded to women in science and engineering. Qualitative analyses of
interview data with key players in the programs in these two groups point to ways in which definitions of issues, problems,
and solutions diverge (as well as converge), and thus to conceptual underpinnings that have important real-life consequences
in these organizational settings of higher education. The programs that regard issues, problems, and solutions of women in
science and engineering as rooted in “institutional/structural-centered,” as opposed to “individual/student-centered,” perspectives
are associated with the most positive outcomes in undergraduate degrees awarded to women in science and engineering.
相似文献
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